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Gain access to this incredible resource through either a monthly or a yearly subscription and search the entire collection from your desktop, compare multiple images side by side and zoom into the minute details of the images. Visit www.davidrumsey.com/amica for more information on the collection, click on the link below the revolving thumbnail to the right, or email us at amica@luna-img.com . Creator Name: Rousseau, Theodore Creator Nationality: European; French Creator Role: Artist Creator Dates/Places: 1812 - 1867 Biography: Introduced to landscape painting through his cousin Pau de Saint-Martin (q.v.), Rousseau entered the studio of Jean-Charles-Joseph Rýmond (1795-1875) in 1826 and was later taught by history painter Guillaume Lethiýre (1760-1832). The young artist copied the works of Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) and Dutch seventeenth-century landscape painters at the Louvre, and he was intrigued by contemporary painters such as Constable (q.v.) and Bonington (q.v.). His foremost interest, however, was the study of nature. In 1830 he traveled extensively through the Auvergne and was much inspired by the wilderness of this region. Scheffer (q.v.), who admired Rousseau's nature studies from this period, introduced him to the Paris art circles of Charles Baudelaire and Delacroix (q.v.). In the early 1830s Rousseau also met Corot (q.v.) and became very close friends with Duprý (q.v.). Rousseau exhibited at the Salons of 1831 and 1833-35. After 1836 he began to travel extensively throughout France, notably to the forest of Fontainebleau and to Barbizon, where he would return every year and become the leader of the group of romantic-naturalist artists, the so-called Barbizon School. In the 1850s he also became increasingly involved in the movement to preserve the forest of Fontainebleau from industrialization. From 1836 until 1841 all of Rousseau's works were refused at the Salon because the jury advocated a more classicizing landscape painting. As he was also often passed over for official honors, the artist became known as 'le grand refusý' and abstained from showing his work at the Salon most of the 1840s. After the 1848 revolution, the new regime under Napoleon III rated his work more favorably, even granting him a first-class medal at the 1849 Salon, so he no longer had to submit his work to the jury. Yet Rousseau had not been awarded the Legion of Honor, an even stronger insult when Duprý received it. In the early 1850s Rousseau befriended Millet (q.v.), and the two often worked together in Barbizon. Rousseau's international breakthrough occurred at the 1855 Exposition Universelle, where his work was exhibited in a gallery that he shared with Decamps (q.v.). Throughout his career, however, the sale of his work was unstable, partly because not showing regularly at the Salon limited his exposure. The artist therefore even had to organize two auctions (1850, 1861) of his works in order to make money, but the results were disappointing. Rousseau exhibited thirteen paintings at the Exposition Universelle of 1867 and figured as president of the jury. Yet because of his animosity with Comte de Nieuwerkerke, directeur-gýnýral des musýes impýriaux, the artist only received a grand medal and not the anticipated highest rank, Officer of the Legion of Honor. The lesser medal was awarded only after heavy protest from Rousseau's friends, five months before his death, and Nieuwerkerke had the last word, refusing to honor the artist with a posthumous retrospective as would have been expected. Although Barbizon painters such as Rousseau are noted for their study from nature, many worked on their larger canvases in the studio. And even though his art was still rooted in a romantic spirit, Rousseau's plein-air studies and his preoccupation with the rendering of specific light effects were instrumental for the development of impressionism. Gender: M Creator Birth Place: Paris, 15 April 1812 Creator Death Place: Barbizon, 22 December 1867 Creator Name-CRT: Théodore Rousseau Title: Leaving the Forest, Fontainebleau: Setting Sun Title Type: Primary Title: Sortie de forêt, Fontainebleau: Coucher de soleil Title Type: Foreign View: Full View Creation Start Date: 1851 Creation End Date: 1851 Creation Date: 1851 Object Type: Paintings Materials and Techniques: oil on fabric Dimensions: Unframed: 109.1cm x 130.2cm Inscriptions: Signed lower left: T. H. Rousseau AMICA Contributor: The Cleveland Museum of Art Owner Location: Cleveland, Ohio, USA ID Number: 1983.70 Credit Line: John L. Severance Fund Rights: http://www.clemusart.com/museum/disclaim2.html Provenance: Charles Edwards. His sale, Paris, Drouot, 7 March 1870 (lot 33), "Sortie de forêt au coucher du soleil (site du Bas-Bréau), 1.07 x 1.30 m; 1851, Exposition Universelle 1855," illustrated catalogue, 104 (repr.), ff 17,900 (sold to Saulnier according to annotated copy in the Frick Art Reference Library, N.Y.; sold to Brame according to an annotated copy in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris). Ferdinand Barbedienne, Paris. Bought by Durand-Ruel & Cie (stock number 873), 12 March 1891, together with Corot's Cavaliers dans une allée, on behalf of James J. Hill, St. Paul. (Sent with the Corot to New York 18 March 1891.) Walter J. Hill, Livingston, Montana. Supposedly sold by Knoedler & Co., New York, in 1952 to a private collector in Beverly Hills, but the Knoedler stock book for 1952 does not list the painting. In the 1957 stock book, however, on 12 January, no. 5150, a Rousseau painting entitled "Wooded Landscape, 51 x 43," was bought by Knoedler from Mrs. Charles McWilliams Jr. Sold to Richard L. Feigen for Edward D. Mittchell, Beverly Hills, on 16 January 1957. Sold by Richard L. Feigen & Co., on behalf of Mittchell, through Colnaghi, New York, to the CMA in 1983. AMICA ID: CMA_.1983.70 AMICA Library Year: 2000 Media Metadata Rights: Copyright, The Cleveland Museum of Art AMICA PUBLIC RIGHTS: a) Access to the materials is granted for personal and non-commercial use. b) A full educational license for non-commercial use is available from Cartography Associates at www.davidrumsey.com/amica/institution_subscribe.html c) Licensed users may continue their examination of additional materials provided by Cartography Associates, and d) commercial rights are available from the rights holder. Home
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